<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">艾滋病<span lang="EN-US">(AIDS)</span>是获得性免疫缺陷综合征（<span lang="EN-US">acquired<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&#160; </span>immunodeficiency<span style="mso-spacerun: yes">&#160; </span>syndrome</span>）的简称，是由人类免疫缺陷病毒<span lang="EN-US">(human immunodeficiency virus,<span style="color: red"> </span>HIV)</span>引起的全身性传染病。临床表现为严重的免疫缺陷，常以淋巴结肿大、厌食、慢性腹泻、体重减轻、发热、疲乏等全身症状起病，逐渐发生各种机会性感染，继发性恶性肿瘤，精神与神经障碍而死亡。由于艾滋病病毒感染传播速度快，波及范围广，病死率极高，故称为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">人类的新瘟疫</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">超级癌症</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 14pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt">，该病的预防和控制受到全世界的高度关注。<span lang="EN-US">AIDS</span>病的传播途径有<span lang="EN-US">3</span>种：性接触传播，血液传播和母婴传播。性接触传播包括异性间和同性恋间性接触传播；母婴传播包括母亲在围产期和母乳喂养对婴儿的传播。血液传播途径包括输注各种血液成分和血液制品、预防注射、静脉注射毒品、器官移植、创伤、采血、拔牙和各种手术等，使<span lang="EN-US">HIV</span>有可能进入人体血液。通过输血传播而发生的艾滋病称输血相关艾滋病。大量输血时传播<span lang="EN-US">HIV</span>的效率几达<span lang="EN-US">100%</span>。现在世界各国都非常重视预防与控制<span lang="EN-US">HIV</span>输血传播。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0"><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">染上艾滋病毒后二至三个月，血液化验多</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">現</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">艾滋病毒抗体阳性反应，血液带有艾滋病病毒<span lang="EN-US">---</span>即带菌者。带菌者</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">約</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">有一半在十年</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">內</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">会病发而患上艾滋病，他</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">們</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">的免疫系统会遭受严重破坏。带菌者未发病</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">時</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">，他们是健康的，</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">沒</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">有病症；如不验血，也无从确定他们身上潜伏着病毒。且带菌者在感染病毒初期的三</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">個</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">月</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">內</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">，艾滋病毒抗阳测试可能仍呈阳性反应，因此受传染的危险群如性滥交者、有男性同性性行为者和</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">靜</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">脉注射毒品的吸毒者都不应捐血。所有收集的血液都经艾滋病病毒抗</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">體測試</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">。测试呈阳性反应者</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体">献出的血液保密弃血不用</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">。</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">帶</span><span style="font-size: 14pt; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312">菌献血者资料都会保密处理，并会转给疾病控制中心跟进。<span lang="EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>